Romanesque characterized by a round arch. Saint Sernin in Toulouse is Romanesque (http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/r/images/romanes_sernin.aerial2.lg.jpg). There were many altars there because the monks wanted to pray daily. The tower lantern was built later. Typical Romanesque interiors are not very wide, and showed purpose, logically constructed with own function.

The third church of Cluny, 430ft long, 115ft wide, an enormous church where 1000-2000 monks lived permanently with everything needed for a community. Imagine a festivity, like Easter (Christmas celebrated in 5th century), or the epiphany, the revelation (when Jesus became Christ, Christ in Jewish means messiah).(http://www.shafe.co.uk/crystal/images/lshafe/Cluny_III_1088.jpg) Cluny was mother church of Europe.

Speyer is an imperial church in Germany, somehow continuation of Hildesheim, though the ceiling was originally wood beams. Speyer is a big church, Romanesque.

St. Ambrogio (Ambrose) in Milan (http://bp3.blogger.com/__1RfwF20OwI/R-cbS-GLoBI/AAAAAAAAAn0/m5A2wGKyoOE/s320/381.JPG) is an older transept-less church. Its ceiling is problematic, three half spheres attached because they didn't know how to put on same level. The ribs start at the second pier, the same distance from the altar, a larger radius and unpleasant.

The Church of St Etienne was built in 1067, one year after 1066, the Normand conquest. William came from France to conquer England because "by moral and natural law England is always inferior to France" (said a Frenchman). The French always looked for a legal reason to conquer, and as it was said that Edward left the kingdom to William. The only laws passed in the Middle Ages were in the name of God. William, the Duke of Normandy, France, decided to conquer England. Harold came down from north and stopped at Hastings, England's lower part, where William was disembarking troops. The battle started at noon, but Harold was on a hill and could easily have stopped the Normands. William gave up in the evening due to this, and the Normands retreated. The English joyfully saw this, and wanted to get them, so came down from the hill. It was then William turned around his troops and got them.

St. Etienne's heavy bottom columns are in order with human nature, heavy at the bottom.(http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/49/5849-004-7064D7AC.jpg) In New York and such modern cities with skyscrapers we surrender to this unbalance of natural order. Yet in St. Etiennes the columns are appealing to our nature, logically, as is St. Sernin on geometric units.

The cathedral at Pisa has each column slightly different, but working together. Ivan Galantic wishes the tower at Pisa would fall down, as the quietly beautiful cathedral and cemetery are overshadowed by this silly tower, repaired as it was being built.

The Baptistry in Florence... in statues things are endlessly tense, but this building is the opposite, an ice-cold geometry. (http://www.freefoto.com/images/14/08/14_08_2---Baptistry--Florence--Italy_web.jpg) Whoever thinks of such boring shapes? The worshipped it endlessly because they thought it was an ancient Roman building, every Florentien baptised there. This geometry lasted till the end of the 16th century, almost 500 years, cold and emotionless (as the Italians, said Ivan Galantic, they are expressionless. Sonata is four, cold movements, and everything in Italy is ordered. Such cold forms are invented in Florence.)

The bas-relief of St. Toulouse/Sernin is repititious (http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3488/3271411052_44d10426c8.jpg?v=0), not very imaginative or expressive. These ideas were transferred from manuscripts and painted.

The Panenello de Wiligelmo (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Wiligelmo,_pannello_1.jpg) shows Adam and Eve, Eve coming out of Adam's rib and introducing him to non-innocent ideas. They stopped wondering about things. Such knowledge, as modern knowledge of ending the world, kills.

In the modern US, often good people will reason only after they submit to the preacher. Absolute faith, such in examples of Jonestown, leads to absolute submission under some power.

The Vikings had incredible energy, and didn't know what to do with it. They fought, they explored, they burned enormous energy and finally found reasoning. They reasoned with architecture. It is like modern rock or jazz music (if it is not improvisation it is not good, real jazz), fresh and worth listening to. (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Abadia_de_Saint-Pierre_de_Moissac_-_Portalada_Sud_de_Moissac.JPG) The columns, of types, express different content, but not one touch is not done under extreme tension. Whatever they touch was on fire, except for Gregorian chants.

St. Bernard led a Benedictine order against these things. He asked the point of this excitement, suggested others quiet down and go pray. Tartarende de lescone, everyone is lying, is no good.

The Battle of Hastings (https://wimmerhg.wikispaces.com/file/view/bayeux_tapestry.jpg/34409337) is a piece of cloth very arbitrarily done, which illustrates the whole battle. It tells the whole story, and shows the desire to record an event, and we see where the emphasis was. The horses have different colored legs.

Another important event: The Bishop preached the first Crusade. The Christians left from northern France, the West, and attacked Arabs/Muslims. Possibly, a certain amount of influence was learning how to build from the Arabs. The Arabs were ahead, more learned, and some of those who went on the Crusades and had seen the accomplishments of the Arabs refused to join the unions because they could get better wages is they were hired directly. They called themselves 'free maisons,' keeping what they had learned as a secret, passing it from father to son. They were persecuted, defended by the King of England, and further persecuted later on.

The 'Thought-Crusades' in 1202,3 were organized, but the people didn't know how to get to the Holy land from the West, so they hired the Venetian army. They could not pay, but the Venetians gave them jobs, such as to take the capital of Croatia. Another idea was to take Constantinople. Now, here are the Christians who want to liberate the Holy land from infedels, and they are sacking and destroying the Eastern Christianity's center. Constantinople never regained its former glory. In 1052, 3, 4, two cardinals were sent from Rome, a Frenchman and an Italian, were empowered by the Pope to represent him, to Byzantine, where the two behaved badly. They didn't understand the culture, and worked on imagination.

When a Muslim leader from Egypt, called Saladin, defeated the Christians, and did not slaughter them as they had done for the Muslims, but let religious freedom reign.