Humanism never reached rest of Europe like Italians had it.
Bonaventura from St Francis altarpiece: Socially, Gothic period a period of chilvary. They had a formula in mind of what a person was and how should act in clearly defined society, a transcendental believing socity. The chilvalry if of respect of
One figure crucially important- St Francis of Assisi. 13th century, died 1226 at age 43. There are no images of him, except a little the altarpiece.
Francis was educated in French chilvary. Love thy neighbor as thyself, and beyond yourselves God. ST. Francis decided to apply; he dressed nice at a party once, and met a poor man who he gave his cloak. He then gave away all things, to be like a bird. Independent of wealth and whatever it takes to acquire wealth.
He came up with system. Poverty-1. Detachment from customary way of living-2, chastity. Obediance to God and those who represent-3.
His followers all felt happy by being part of his world. Without planning ahead. Carpe diem. Only difference from Gothic was individualism emphasized. He was happy int this world, becsue he could live in a way which served God. This was characterized by "part of this world" "brother son I'm happy to thank you for warming it up, sister moon you are so lovely to helpme at night, sister water, brother water...etc"
Aquistion of knowledge based on love, on fusion of you and object. Plato. Most of us live that way, we start on faith and think afterwards. First object of love- God. If say nature, smacks of Paganism. When Assisi wnet to Rome asked Innocent III to establish order, they were ridiculed becuase when asked why, they sdanced, but Pope singularly okay-ed.
Dealing with nature opened new world, world of science. If you are free to love them, leads to science. Soon, most of Europe followed Francis. First zoo formed, botanical garden in Fagia, Florence, Oxford. That one part of Franciscanism.
First image of Francis with illustrations of his live Berlingihini.
There was a wolf terrorizing city near Assisi and Francis met wolf and they shook hands. He was preacging to birds, listening.
Did it happen, no, but he so seductive with love for truth that even birds could understand him. Narrative from first time since gospel was conecerned with daily, real life. Humanism slightly starts.
Pulpit in baptistry of Pisa, 15'high, bas reliefs, Pisano: Classic style, as it so happened Frederick IIGerman emperor ordered artists to apply classic style. Why?
After Nicholo Pisnao, his son Giovannni did Annunciation...calligraphy classical, but not spirit, classicals never peritted themselves to inner world, but this expressive
Madonna by Chinaburay approached subject matter not like Pisanos, but Byzantine influenced Iconic- statement produced in imagination. If you want to compare with celebration of event, either glorify or explain. Opera has different styles..clown at that time meant wiseman who was telling the truth by making himself ridiculous...he had daughter who was seduced and he was killed...in opera, we knoew what's going to ahppen, but we listen to music for how it is done. When brand new, was shiny and rbight,
Giotti bordone- to express motherhood he used representation of mary(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Giotto_di_Bondone_090.jpg)
Alberti, first art theorist, praises Giotto, "we cry with those who cry and we laugh with those who laugh."
Introduced naitivity
Giotto called from Flornce to Padua to decorate chapel butilt by floreni to make up for sins of his father, a rich banker, who committed many sins of luxury, built very near his house. Giotto painted. Any art historian would say one of most important decoration from any place, any time. Giotto understood and wanted ti express with as little art as posisble. Central scene is to left side corner of mary grieving. Artifical artistic leads to central (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-36-_-_Lamentation_%28The_Mourning_of_Christ%29.jpg/220px-Giotto_-_Scrovegni_-_-36-_-_Lamentation_%28The_Mourning_of_Christ%29.jpg) He wiped out opera music- silence, read what happened. emphasis on human event, we experience as such.
Florence was pedestrian compared to Vienna, aristocratic. Almost never accepted humanism. Viena loves to live in dream. Nothing ever hapens.
duccio buon virgin and child enthroned majesty
betrayl caputrue of jesus. jesus betrayed by judas. brought soldiers. his philosophy not in harmony with jewish philosophy of life, what kind of messiah enters jureseulm on donkey. legally, they right. to express lonliness pf christ, duccio shows abandoned by apostles. not realilitsic, but expressive. operatic. musicality artificiality art elelments used to produce result.many heads, few feet.
Simone martini (http://d1shzm2uca9f83.cloudfront.net/large/martini_annunciatie.jpg) follower of duccio annunciation. ANgel telling maria hail mary full of grace. annunciation mary received when she became pregnant. angels are ideas, no two alike. immaculate conception means result is not natural but act of will... whose will? gods will, what is god, agape, 'giving' love motherly love, this act of will, not natural to turn other cheek, and is what asked, is an idea, act of will, to practice what we think we ought to do. idea- she realized her product is superior of a different kind of nature, virgin conception means dante: first verse last stanza "virgin mother, daughter of your son" Her son incarnation of love, she becomes what she is because she gave birth. excstasis, outside of normal. ecstatic.
Lorezetti on one side bad gov, on other side good. cara:it is difficult to be rich and be happy. richer-unhappier- poorer, happier. God made it, enjoy it, St Francis.
Florence Italy Cathedral- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Cathedral
richest city
Santa Maria Novella dark green and white
orcagna or san michele
triumph of death- francesco traini or Buonamico Buffalow
in 1303or9-1378 Pope lived in France, french forced. Avignon captivity. When pope left, artists had no one to work for, and went home, spreaidng style 'international style'
Dante divine comedy: started dolce de novel started talking abput humanism love man woman almost as full interpretation of life. hell purgatory paradise. in order to explain life of earth, dante starts with hell and talks about people who lived and were condemned to suffer in terms of sin comitted. worst sin- last ring- treason.
not aristotle, not science not knowledge is criterion of human life but poetry is.
paolo and franscesca were in love, they were reading medieval love poem. paolo kisses fransca, caught and killed. ended up in love. dante didn;t like to see them in hell. "innocent people, sin was sin of innocent love"
but, was sin. dante fell as dead body falls down, but law was law. giotto very successfull in padua, when had chance to reviwe dantes punishment. flornce banned dante, died in ravenna. virgil led him to hell of life, but virgil couldn't go to paradise, so beatrice takes him to paradise. died 1321
directly moreinfluential- peteriarch lyrical poet lived all over italy, fo long time lived at papel court. petriach invente form of sonnet 4433 symphony sonatta 4parts. p= learned, wrote songs. in it, he writes about love for woman laura sees her in church on goodfriday she married to merchant he fell in love, like trubadeur but he saw her. important to keep in mind level personality defined by specific measure-anotehr person, no one more than jesus, woman-mary. petrearch broke with this attitue: he says in poem "sweet clear water brook intowhich she appears to me as the only one as woman went swimming" he bypassed mothermary, enough to consider humanistic father.
bocaccio- younger than petrarch(1303-1374) boc(1307-1375) scholar of mythology wrote important geneology
1. isubject matter--representational-important
a.seen by artist
b.not seen by artist---
II content essence soul
IIIform art istelf
use terms morphology syntax composition
use vocab
________
descartes came with diea for space judged. a criterion a paradigm is needed to measure, puts graph in middle xy every spot has place. freedom is fine but must be within system, no religion neededas long as graph
what peetriach says is
bocaccio collected popular storeis regu. level in decameron 100 stories 7men3woman 1348 blackdeaath1/3dead "a woman went to confession told priest in love with angel gabirel i would love to see him"priest"he told me also noticed you" "father can you arrange me to meet?""maybe, but problem:""what""angels don't have bodies he cant help but have idea; i will propose for occasion for him to use my body"
